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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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set -euo pipefail
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script_dir="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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state_dir="${WIN11_VM_STATE_DIR:-${script_dir}/.vm/windows11}"
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disk_image="${WIN11_VM_DISK_IMAGE:-${state_dir}/disk.qcow2}"
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seed_iso="${WIN11_VM_SEED_ISO:-$(dirname -- "$disk_image")/seed.iso}"
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disk_size="${WIN11_VM_DISK_SIZE:-64G}"
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memory="${WIN11_VM_MEMORY:-8G}"
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cpus="${WIN11_VM_CPUS:-8}"
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rdp_port="${WIN11_VM_RDP_PORT:-3389}"
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ssh_port="${WIN11_VM_SSH_PORT:-2222}"
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uefi_code="${WIN11_VM_UEFI_CODE:-/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE_4M.fd}"
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uefi_vars_template="${WIN11_VM_UEFI_VARS:-/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_VARS_4M.fd}"
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uefi_vars="${state_dir}/OVMF_VARS_4M.fd"
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pid_file="${state_dir}/qemu.pid"
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log_file="${state_dir}/console.log"
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monitor_socket="${state_dir}/qemu-monitor.sock"
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guest_agent_socket="${state_dir}/qemu-guest-agent.sock"
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daemonize=false
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install_from_iso=false
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extra_args=()
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usage() {
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cat <<EOF
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Usage: $(basename "$0") [--daemon] [--install-from-iso] [-- QEMU_ARGUMENT ...]
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If ${disk_image} is missing, create it from the Windows 11 QCOW2 base image.
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Use --install-from-iso to perform an automatic ISO installation instead.
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If it exists, start Windows normally without attaching installation media.
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Options:
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--daemon Run QEMU in the background
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--install-from-iso Install from ISO when the system disk is missing
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-h, --help Show this help
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Environment variables:
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WIN11_VM_BASE_IMAGE Windows 11 base QCOW2 image (default: beside shared images)
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WIN11_VM_INSTALL_ISO Windows 11 installation ISO used with --install-from-iso
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WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO VirtIO Windows tools ISO (default: resolved by shared image helper)
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WIN11_VM_MEMORY Guest memory (default: 8G)
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WIN11_VM_CPUS Virtual CPU count (default: 8)
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WIN11_VM_RDP_PORT Host RDP port (default: 3389)
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WIN11_VM_SSH_PORT Host SSH port (default: 2222)
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WIN11_VM_STATE_DIR Runtime directory (default: .vm/windows11)
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WIN11_VM_DISK_IMAGE System disk path
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WIN11_VM_DISK_SIZE New system disk size (default: 64G)
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WIN11_VM_SEED_ISO Answer-file ISO path (default: alongside the VM disk)
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WIN11_VM_UEFI_CODE OVMF read-only firmware path
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WIN11_VM_UEFI_VARS OVMF variable-store template path
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EOF
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}
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while (($#)); do
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case "$1" in
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--daemon) daemonize=true; shift ;;
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--install-from-iso) install_from_iso=true; shift ;;
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-h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
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--) shift; extra_args+=("$@"); break ;;
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*) printf 'Error: unknown option: %s\n' "$1" >&2; usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
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esac
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done
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installing=false
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if [[ ! -f "$disk_image" ]]; then
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installing=true
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if [[ -n "${VM_IMAGE_HELPER:-}" ]]; then
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image_downloader="$VM_IMAGE_HELPER"
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elif [[ -x "${script_dir}/vm-images/download-images.sh" ]]; then
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image_downloader="${script_dir}/vm-images/download-images.sh"
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else
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image_downloader="${script_dir}/../vm-images/download-images.sh"
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fi
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[[ -x "$image_downloader" ]] || { printf 'Error: shared image helper is unavailable: %s\n' "$image_downloader" >&2; exit 1; }
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if [[ "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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install_iso="${WIN11_VM_INSTALL_ISO:-$("$image_downloader" --print-path windows11 --iso)}"
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uses_shared_tools_iso=false
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if [[ -n "${WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO:-}" ]]; then
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tools_iso="$WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO"
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else
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tools_iso="$("$image_downloader" --print-path virtio-win)"
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uses_shared_tools_iso=true
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fi
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else
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base_image="${WIN11_VM_BASE_IMAGE:-$("$image_downloader" --print-path windows11)}"
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fi
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fi
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for command_name in qemu-system-x86_64; do
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command -v "$command_name" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Error: %s is not installed.\n' "$command_name" >&2; exit 1; }
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done
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if [[ "$installing" == true ]]; then
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command -v qemu-img >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Error: qemu-img is not installed.\n' >&2; exit 1; }
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if [[ "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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[[ -f "$install_iso" ]] || { printf 'Error: Windows 11 ISO was not found: %s\n' "$install_iso" >&2; exit 1; }
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else
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[[ -f "$base_image" ]] || { printf 'Error: Windows 11 base QCOW2 image was not found: %s\n' "$base_image" >&2; exit 1; }
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fi
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fi
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for firmware_file in "$uefi_code" "$uefi_vars_template"; do
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[[ -f "$firmware_file" ]] || { printf 'Error: required UEFI firmware was not found: %s\n' "$firmware_file" >&2; exit 1; }
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done
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mkdir -p "$state_dir"
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if [[ "$installing" == true && "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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if [[ ! -f "$tools_iso" ]]; then
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if [[ "$uses_shared_tools_iso" == true ]]; then
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"$image_downloader" virtio-win
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else
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printf 'Error: VirtIO Windows tools ISO was not found: %s\n' "$tools_iso" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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fi
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[[ -f "$tools_iso" ]] || { printf 'Error: downloader did not create: %s\n' "$tools_iso" >&2; exit 1; }
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if [[ ! -f "$seed_iso" ||
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"${script_dir}/seediso/windows11/Autounattend.xml" -nt "$seed_iso" ||
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"${script_dir}/seediso/windows11/Configure-Windows.ps1" -nt "$seed_iso" ]]; then
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"${script_dir}/seediso/windows11/build-seed.sh" "$seed_iso"
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fi
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fi
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if [[ -f "$pid_file" ]]; then
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old_pid="$(<"$pid_file")"
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if [[ "$old_pid" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && kill -0 "$old_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
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printf 'Error: Windows 11 VM is already running (PID %s).\n' "$old_pid" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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rm -f "$pid_file"
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fi
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rm -f "$monitor_socket" "$guest_agent_socket"
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[[ -f "$uefi_vars" ]] || cp -- "$uefi_vars_template" "$uefi_vars"
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if [[ "$installing" == true ]]; then
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if [[ "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 "$disk_image" "$disk_size"
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else
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 -F qcow2 -b "$base_image" "$disk_image" "$disk_size"
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fi
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printf 'Created Windows 11 system disk: %s\n' "$disk_image"
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fi
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qemu_args=(
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-name windows11 -machine q35 -m "$memory" -smp "$cpus"
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-display gtk
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# -display none -spice port=5900,addr=127.0.0.1,disable-ticketing=on,agent-mouse=off -device virtio-vga
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-drive "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=${uefi_code}"
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-drive "if=pflash,format=raw,file=${uefi_vars}"
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-drive "file=${disk_image},if=none,id=system_disk,format=qcow2"
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-device "ide-hd,drive=system_disk,bus=ide.0,bootindex=1"
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-nic "user,model=e1000e,hostfwd=tcp::${rdp_port}-:3389,hostfwd=tcp::${ssh_port}-:22"
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-device "virtio-serial-pci,id=virtio_serial"
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-chardev "qemu-vdagent,id=vdagent,name=vdagent,clipboard=on,mouse=off"
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-device "virtserialport,chardev=vdagent,name=com.redhat.spice.0"
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# Register the USB tablet after vdagent so QEMU selects it as the active pointer.
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-device "qemu-xhci,id=usb_controller" -device "usb-tablet,bus=usb_controller.0"
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-chardev "socket,path=${guest_agent_socket},server=on,wait=off,id=qga"
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-device "virtserialport,chardev=qga,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0"
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-monitor "unix:${monitor_socket},server=on,wait=off"
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)
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if [[ "$installing" == true && "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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qemu_args+=(
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-drive "file=${install_iso},if=none,id=install_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on"
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-device "ide-cd,drive=install_media,bus=ide.1,bootindex=2"
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-drive "file=${seed_iso},if=none,id=answer_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on"
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-device "ide-cd,drive=answer_media,bus=ide.2,bootindex=3"
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-drive "file=${tools_iso},if=none,id=tools_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on"
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-device "ide-cd,drive=tools_media,bus=ide.3,bootindex=4"
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)
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fi
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if [[ -r /dev/kvm && -w /dev/kvm ]]; then
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qemu_args+=(-enable-kvm -cpu host)
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accelerator=KVM
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else
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qemu_args+=(-accel tcg -cpu max)
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accelerator=TCG
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fi
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if [[ "$installing" == true && "$install_from_iso" == true ]]; then
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printf 'Starting Windows 11 automatic installation with %s acceleration.\n' "$accelerator"
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elif [[ "$installing" == true ]]; then
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printf 'Starting Windows 11 from the QCOW2 base image with %s acceleration.\n' "$accelerator"
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else
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printf 'Starting Windows 11 normally with %s acceleration.\n' "$accelerator"
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fi
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printf 'Account: guofang / password; RDP: localhost:%s; SSH: localhost:%s\n' "$rdp_port" "$ssh_port"
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if [[ "$daemonize" == true ]]; then
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: >"$log_file"
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qemu_args+=(-serial "file:${log_file}" -daemonize -pidfile "$pid_file")
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qemu-system-x86_64 "${qemu_args[@]}" "${extra_args[@]}"
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printf 'VM started (PID %s); console log: %s\n' "$(<"$pid_file")" "$log_file"
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else
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exec qemu-system-x86_64 "${qemu_args[@]}" "${extra_args[@]}"
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fi
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