Add Python ports of the VM launchers
Each run-*.py mirrors its run-*.sh counterpart: same options, environment variables, messages and QEMU command line. Unlike the shell scripts, the Python ports use a portable /usr/bin/env shebang. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01S8ZGHSJ5JogcTAYhPNxXTV
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Start the Windows 11 virtual machine (Python port of run-windows11.sh)."""
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import os
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import platform
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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from pathlib import Path
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script_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
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env = os.environ.get
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def die(message, code=1):
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print(f"Error: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(code)
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def run(command):
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"""Run a command, exiting with its status on failure (like `set -e`)."""
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result = subprocess.run(command)
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if result.returncode != 0:
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sys.exit(result.returncode)
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def capture(command):
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"""Return a command's stdout without the trailing newline, like $(...)."""
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result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
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if result.returncode != 0:
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sys.exit(result.returncode)
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return result.stdout.rstrip("\n")
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def is_executable(path):
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return path.is_file() and os.access(path, os.X_OK)
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state_dir = Path(env("WIN11_VM_STATE_DIR") or script_dir / ".vm" / "windows11")
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disk_image = Path(env("WIN11_VM_DISK_IMAGE") or state_dir / "disk.qcow2")
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seed_iso = Path(env("WIN11_VM_SEED_ISO") or disk_image.parent / "seed.iso")
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disk_size = env("WIN11_VM_DISK_SIZE") or "64G"
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memory = env("WIN11_VM_MEMORY") or "8G"
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cpus = env("WIN11_VM_CPUS") or "8"
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rdp_port = env("WIN11_VM_RDP_PORT") or "3389"
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ssh_port = env("WIN11_VM_SSH_PORT") or "2222"
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def pick_firmware(override, *candidates):
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if override:
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return Path(override)
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for candidate in candidates:
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if Path(candidate).is_file():
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return Path(candidate)
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return Path(candidates[0])
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uefi_code = pick_firmware(
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env("WIN11_VM_UEFI_CODE"),
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"/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE_4M.fd",
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"/usr/share/edk2/ovmf/OVMF_CODE.fd",
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"/opt/homebrew/share/qemu/edk2-x86_64-code.fd",
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"/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-x86_64-code.fd",
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)
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uefi_vars_template = pick_firmware(
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env("WIN11_VM_UEFI_VARS"),
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"/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_VARS_4M.fd",
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"/usr/share/edk2/ovmf/OVMF_VARS.fd",
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"/opt/homebrew/share/qemu/edk2-i386-vars.fd",
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"/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-i386-vars.fd",
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)
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uefi_vars = state_dir / "OVMF_VARS_4M.fd"
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pid_file = state_dir / "qemu.pid"
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log_file = state_dir / "console.log"
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monitor_socket = state_dir / "qemu-monitor.sock"
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guest_agent_socket = state_dir / "qemu-guest-agent.sock"
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daemonize = False
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install_from_iso = False
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extra_args = []
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def usage(stream=sys.stdout):
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stream.write(f"""\
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Usage: {Path(sys.argv[0]).name} [--daemon] [--install-from-iso] [-- QEMU_ARGUMENT ...]
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If {disk_image} is missing, create it from the Windows 11 QCOW2 base image.
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Use --install-from-iso to perform an automatic ISO installation instead.
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If it exists, start Windows normally without attaching installation media.
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Options:
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--daemon Run QEMU in the background
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--install-from-iso Install from ISO when the system disk is missing
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-h, --help Show this help
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Environment variables:
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WIN11_VM_BASE_IMAGE Windows 11 base QCOW2 image (default: beside shared images)
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WIN11_VM_INSTALL_ISO Windows 11 installation ISO used with --install-from-iso
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WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO VirtIO Windows tools ISO (default: resolved by shared image helper)
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WIN11_VM_MEMORY Guest memory (default: 8G)
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WIN11_VM_CPUS Virtual CPU count (default: 8)
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WIN11_VM_RDP_PORT Host RDP port (default: 3389)
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WIN11_VM_SSH_PORT Host SSH port (default: 2222)
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WIN11_VM_STATE_DIR Runtime directory (default: .vm/windows11)
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WIN11_VM_DISK_IMAGE System disk path
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WIN11_VM_DISK_SIZE New system disk size (default: 64G)
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WIN11_VM_SEED_ISO Answer-file ISO path (default: alongside the VM disk)
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WIN11_VM_UEFI_CODE OVMF read-only firmware path (auto-detected if unset)
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WIN11_VM_UEFI_VARS OVMF variable-store template path (auto-detected if unset)
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WIN11_VM_DISPLAY QEMU display backend (default: cocoa on macOS, gtk elsewhere)
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""")
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args = sys.argv[1:]
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while args:
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arg = args.pop(0)
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if arg == "--daemon":
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daemonize = True
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elif arg == "--install-from-iso":
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install_from_iso = True
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elif arg in ("-h", "--help"):
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usage()
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sys.exit(0)
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elif arg == "--":
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extra_args.extend(args)
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break
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else:
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print(f"Error: unknown option: {arg}", file=sys.stderr)
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usage(sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(2)
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installing = False
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installing_from_iso = False
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if not disk_image.is_file():
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installing = True
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installing_from_iso = install_from_iso
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if env("VM_IMAGE_HELPER"):
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image_downloader = Path(env("VM_IMAGE_HELPER"))
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elif is_executable(script_dir / "vm-images" / "download-images.sh"):
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image_downloader = script_dir / "vm-images" / "download-images.sh"
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else:
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image_downloader = script_dir / ".." / "vm-images" / "download-images.sh"
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if not is_executable(image_downloader):
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die(f"shared image helper is unavailable: {image_downloader}")
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if install_from_iso:
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install_iso = Path(env("WIN11_VM_INSTALL_ISO")
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or capture([str(image_downloader), "--print-path", "windows11", "--iso"]))
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uses_shared_tools_iso = False
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if env("WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO"):
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tools_iso = Path(env("WIN11_VM_TOOLS_ISO"))
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else:
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tools_iso = Path(capture([str(image_downloader), "--print-path", "virtio-win"]))
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uses_shared_tools_iso = True
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else:
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base_image = Path(env("WIN11_VM_BASE_IMAGE")
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or capture([str(image_downloader), "--print-path", "windows11"]))
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if shutil.which("qemu-system-x86_64") is None:
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die("qemu-system-x86_64 is not installed.")
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if installing:
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if shutil.which("qemu-img") is None:
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die("qemu-img is not installed.")
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if installing_from_iso:
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if not install_iso.is_file():
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die(f"Windows 11 ISO was not found: {install_iso}")
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elif not base_image.is_file():
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die(f"Windows 11 base QCOW2 image was not found: {base_image}")
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for firmware_file in (uefi_code, uefi_vars_template):
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if not firmware_file.is_file():
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die(f"required UEFI firmware was not found: {firmware_file}")
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state_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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if installing_from_iso:
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if not tools_iso.is_file():
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if uses_shared_tools_iso:
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run([str(image_downloader), "virtio-win"])
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else:
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die(f"VirtIO Windows tools ISO was not found: {tools_iso}")
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if not tools_iso.is_file():
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die(f"downloader did not create: {tools_iso}")
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seed_sources = [script_dir / "seediso" / "windows11" / name
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for name in ("Autounattend.xml", "Configure-Windows.ps1")]
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def newer_than_seed(source):
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# Mirrors bash `-nt`: true if source exists and is newer than seed_iso.
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return source.exists() and source.stat().st_mtime > seed_iso.stat().st_mtime
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if not seed_iso.is_file() or any(newer_than_seed(s) for s in seed_sources):
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run([str(script_dir / "seediso" / "windows11" / "build-seed.sh"), str(seed_iso)])
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if pid_file.is_file():
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old_pid = pid_file.read_text().strip()
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if old_pid.isdigit():
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try:
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os.kill(int(old_pid), 0)
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except OSError:
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pass
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else:
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die(f"Windows 11 VM is already running (PID {old_pid}).")
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pid_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
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monitor_socket.unlink(missing_ok=True)
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guest_agent_socket.unlink(missing_ok=True)
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if not uefi_vars.is_file():
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shutil.copyfile(uefi_vars_template, uefi_vars)
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if installing:
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if installing_from_iso:
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run(["qemu-img", "create", "-q", "-f", "qcow2", str(disk_image), disk_size])
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else:
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run(["qemu-img", "create", "-q", "-f", "qcow2", "-F", "qcow2",
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"-b", str(base_image), str(disk_image), disk_size])
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print(f"Created Windows 11 system disk: {disk_image}")
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display_backend = env("WIN11_VM_DISPLAY") or (
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"cocoa" if platform.system() == "Darwin" else "gtk")
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qemu_args = [
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"-name", "windows11", "-machine", "q35", "-m", memory, "-smp", cpus,
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"-display", display_backend,
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# "-display", "none", "-spice", "port=5900,addr=127.0.0.1,disable-ticketing=on,agent-mouse=off", "-device", "virtio-vga",
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"-drive", f"if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file={uefi_code}",
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"-drive", f"if=pflash,format=raw,file={uefi_vars}",
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"-drive", f"file={disk_image},if=none,id=system_disk,format=qcow2",
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"-device", "ide-hd,drive=system_disk,bus=ide.0,bootindex=1",
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"-nic", f"user,model=e1000e,hostfwd=tcp::{rdp_port}-:3389,hostfwd=tcp::{ssh_port}-:22",
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"-device", "virtio-serial-pci,id=virtio_serial",
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"-chardev", "qemu-vdagent,id=vdagent,name=vdagent,clipboard=on,mouse=off",
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"-device", "virtserialport,chardev=vdagent,name=com.redhat.spice.0",
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# Register the USB tablet after vdagent so QEMU selects it as the active pointer.
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"-device", "qemu-xhci,id=usb_controller", "-device", "usb-tablet,bus=usb_controller.0",
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"-chardev", f"socket,path={guest_agent_socket},server=on,wait=off,id=qga",
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"-device", "virtserialport,chardev=qga,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0",
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"-monitor", f"unix:{monitor_socket},server=on,wait=off",
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]
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if installing_from_iso:
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qemu_args += [
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"-drive", f"file={install_iso},if=none,id=install_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on",
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"-device", "ide-cd,drive=install_media,bus=ide.1,bootindex=2",
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"-drive", f"file={seed_iso},if=none,id=answer_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on",
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"-device", "ide-cd,drive=answer_media,bus=ide.2,bootindex=3",
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"-drive", f"file={tools_iso},if=none,id=tools_media,media=cdrom,readonly=on",
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"-device", "ide-cd,drive=tools_media,bus=ide.3,bootindex=4",
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]
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if os.access("/dev/kvm", os.R_OK | os.W_OK):
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qemu_args += ["-enable-kvm", "-cpu", "host"]
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accelerator = "KVM"
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else:
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qemu_args += ["-accel", "tcg", "-cpu", "max"]
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accelerator = "TCG"
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if installing_from_iso:
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print(f"Starting Windows 11 automatic installation with {accelerator} acceleration.")
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elif installing:
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print(f"Starting Windows 11 from the QCOW2 base image with {accelerator} acceleration.")
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else:
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print(f"Starting Windows 11 normally with {accelerator} acceleration.")
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print(f"Account: guofang / password; RDP: localhost:{rdp_port}; SSH: localhost:{ssh_port}",
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flush=True)
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if daemonize:
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log_file.write_text("")
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qemu_args += ["-serial", f"file:{log_file}", "-daemonize", "-pidfile", str(pid_file)]
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run(["qemu-system-x86_64", *qemu_args, *extra_args])
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print(f"VM started (PID {pid_file.read_text().strip()}); console log: {log_file}")
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else:
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os.execvp("qemu-system-x86_64", ["qemu-system-x86_64", *qemu_args, *extra_args])
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