Add SQLite 3.54.1

Build from the official autoconf amalgamation in debian13, rocky9 and
alpine3.24; rocky9-system uses the distribution sqlite-devel.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

debian13/Dockerfile

@@ -819,6 +819,16 @@ RUN --mount=type=bind,from=sources,source=duckdb-v1.5.6.tar.gz,target=/tmp/duckd
     && cmake --build build --parallel "$(nproc)" --target install \
     && rm -rf build src ui-src
 
+RUN --mount=type=bind,from=sources,source=sqlite-autoconf-3540100.tar.gz,target=/tmp/sqlite.tar.gz \
+    mkdir src \
+    && tar --extract --gzip --file=/tmp/sqlite.tar.gz --directory=src --strip-components=1 \
+    && cd src \
+    && CFLAGS="-O2 -fPIC" ./configure --prefix=${PREFIX} --libdir=${PREFIX}/lib/$(gcc -dumpmachine) --disable-shared --enable-static \
+    && make --jobs="$(nproc)" \
+    && make install \
+    && cd .. \
+    && rm -rf src
+
 COPY source-stack.cmake.in /tmp/
 RUN mkdir -p ${PREFIX}/share/source-stack \
     && sed "s|@MULTIARCH@|$(gcc -dumpmachine)|" /tmp/source-stack.cmake.in \