Add Rust installation with USTC mirrors and symlink binaries in Dockerfile

debian13/Dockerfile

@@ -869,4 +869,10 @@ RUN curl --fail --location --output arrow.tar.gz \
     && cmake --build build --parallel "$(nproc)" --target install \
     && rm -rf build src
 
+RUN export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static" \
+    && export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup" \
+    && bash -c "curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable --profile minimal --no-modify-path"
+    && ln -s /root/.cargo/bin/rustc /usr/local/bin/ \
+    && ln -s /root/.cargo/bin/cargo /usr/local/bin/
+
 CMD ["/bin/bash"]